Importancia de los plásmidos ColE1 en la resistencia a antibióticos

Los antibióticos han salvado millones de vidas desde que en la década de 1940 se introdujeran en la práctica clínica. Desafortunadamente debido a la rápida aparición de resistencias, su fácil diseminación y la dificultad de su eliminación una vez que se han establecido en la población, nos encontramos ante un grave problema tanto para la salud humana como para la sanidad animal. Actualmente, se producen en torno a 700.000 muertes al año por bacterias resistentes a antibióticos, y se calcula que para 2050 se superarán las 10 millones asociadas a la resistencia a antibióticos. Los plásmidos juegan un papel determinante en la diseminación de la resistencia a antibióticos. Los plásmidos son moléculas de ADN que replican de forma independiente al cromosoma bacteriano y que tienen la capacidad de movilizar genes horizontalmente. En concreto, los plásmidos tipo ColE1 tienen una gran importancia en la resistencia a antibióticos. Estos pequeños replicones portan algunos determinantes de resistencia a los antibióticos más relevantes en la práctica clínica. Además son capaces de coexistir en una misma bacteria generando multirresistencia a varios antibióticos. Cuando una bacteria adquiere resistencia a antibióticos mediante la transferencia horizontal de un plásmido, compromete su crecimiento debido al coste biológico asociado al replicón. Esto genera que, en ausencia de presión selectiva, las bacterias que porten plásmidos serán menos competitivas comparado con las bacterias libres de replicones. Sin embargo, en presencia de antibióticos, las bacterias portando plásmidos serán seleccionadas en la población. La adaptación plásmido/hospedador es, por tanto, crucial para entender la presencia de los plásmidos portadores de resistencia en las poblaciones bacterianas..

Inversión pública y su relación con el desarrollo económico local del distrito de Juan Guerra año 2011 – 2017

La presente investigación titulada “Inversión pública y su relación con el desarrollo económico local del distrito de Juan Guerra año 2011 – 2017”. El objetivo general fue determinar la relación que existe entre la Inversión Pública y el Desarrollo económico local del distrito de Juan Guerra, año 2011 – 2017. El tipo de investigación fue aplicada, cuyo nivel fue descriptivo – correlacional; el diseño fue experimental – correlacional; la muestra estuvo conformada por los datos extraídos del INEI, la Municipalidad Distrital de Juan Guerra y la página de consulta amigable del MEF correspondiente a los datos expresados en el Anexo C (Inversión Pública y Desarrollo Económico Local). El principal problema fue ¿Qué relación existe entre la Inversión Pública y el Desarrollo Económico Local del Distrito de Juan Guerra, año 2011 - 2017?, lo cual tuvo como hipótesis general alterna: Existe relación directa y significativa entre la Inversión Pública y el Desarrollo económico local en el Distrito de Juan Guerra año 2011 – 2017. Los resultados fueron que tras la aplicación de la correlación de Pearson se tuvo que existe correlación positiva entre las variables, la evidencia estadística presenta (0.000 sig. Bilateral), lo cual es menor a 0.05, el cual permite contrastar la hipótesis. Así también el coeficiente determinante señala que la inversión pública influye en el desarrollo económico local del distrito de Juan Guerra en un 94.67%. Llegando a concluir que existe una relación directa entre las variables del estudio, aceptando de tal manera la hipótesis alterna.The following research titled as "Public investment and its relationship with the local economic development of the district of Juan Guerra year 2011 - 2017". The general objective was to determine the relationship between Public Investment and the local economic development of the district of Juan Guerra, year 2011 - 2017. The type of research was applied, whose level was descriptive - correlational; the design was experimental - correlational; The sample consisted of the data extracted from the INEI, the Juan Guerra District Municipality and the MEF friendly consultation page corresponding to the data expressed in Annex C (Public Investment and Local Economic Development). The main problem was: What is the relationship between Public Investment and Local Economic Development of the District of Juan Guerra, year 2011 - 2017 ?, which had as an alternative general hypothesis: There is a direct and significant relationship between Public Investment and Economic Development local in the District of Juan Guerra year 2011 - 2017. The results were that after the application of the Pearson correlation there was a positive correlation between the variables, the statistical evidence presents (0.000 sig. Bilateral), which is less than 0.05, which allows the hypothesis to be tested. The determining coefficient also indicates that public investment influences the local economic development of the Juan Guerra district by 94.67%. Coming to conclude that there is a direct relationship between the variables of the study, thus accepting the alternative hypothesis.TesisAp

Digital Wiretap Warrant: Improving the security of ETSI Lawful Interception

Lawful Interception (LI) of data communications is an essential tool for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) in order to investigate criminal activities carried out or coordinated by means of Internet. However, the ability to secretly monitor the activities of citizens also has a great impact on civil rights. Therefore, democratic societies must prevent abuse and ensure that LI is only employed in specific cases with justifiable grounds or a probable cause. Nowadays, in many countries each interception must be authorized by a wiretap warrant, usually issued by a judge. However, this wiretap warrant is merely an administrative document that should be checked by the network or service operator before enabling the monitoring of its customers, whose communications are later handed over to a LEA in plaintext. This paper proposes the idea of employing a Digital Wiretap Warrant (DWW), which further protects the civil liberties, security and privacy of LI by ensuring that monitoring devices can only be enabled with a valid DWW, and by encrypting the captured data so only the authorized LEA is able to decrypt those communications. Moreover, in the proposed DWW framework all digital evidence is securely time-stamped and signed, thus guaranteeing that it has not been tampered with, and that a proper chain of custody has been met. In particular this paper proposes how to apply the DWW concept to the lawful interception framework defined by the ETSI LI Technical Committee, and evaluates how the additional security mechanisms could impact the performance and storage costs of a LI platform.The work presented in this paper has been funded by the INDECT project (Ref 218086) of the 7th EU Framework Programme. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Spanish-funded CRAMnet (Grant no. TEC2012-38362-C03-01)

A Bloom Filter-Based Monitoring Station for a Lawful Interception Platform

Lawful Interception (LI) is a fundamental tool in today's Police investigations.Therefore, it is important to make it as quickly and securely as possible as well as a reasonable cost per suspect. This makes traffic capture in aggregation links quite attractive, although this implies high wirespeeds which require the use of specific hardware-based architectures. This paper proposes a novel Bloom Filter-based monitoring station architecture for efficient packet capture in aggregation links. With said Bloom filter, we filter out most of the packets in the link and capture only those belonging to lawful interception wiretaps. Next, we present an FPGA-based implementation of said architecture and obtain the maximum capture rate achievable by injecting traffic through four parallel Gigabit Ethernet lines. Finally, we identify the limitations of our current design and suggest the possibility of further extending it to higher wirespeeds.- Best Paper AwardThe work presented in this paper has been funded by the INDECT project grant number FP7-ICT-218086, and the Spanish CramNet project (grant no. TEC2012-38362-C03-01).European Community's Seventh Framework Progra

6m Span Lintels Tests on a New Wall Pi-brackets Type

Reinforced masonry has been subject to research and investigation in Spain for over 20 years now. This paper presents a new contribution within the AllWall System, referred to as the Halfen-Allwall support (Pi-Bracket). This support being regularly spaced every 6m to form a "braced arch" effect and provide reinforced masonry. This line of investigation has been made possible through the industrial development of a new patented invention under the trade name Halfen-AllWall Pi-Brackets in combination with Murfor brickwork reinforcement. This combination provides a new way of supporting external walls at fixed points coinciding with the verticals of the structural supports. The system prevents the loading of slabs which, in addition to providing great economy in construction, inhibits cracking due to structural deformation at the support base of the wall and also allows the continuation of insulation and ventilation throughout the cavity. Three tests of the Pi-Brackets have been made in Germany and other three 6m span walls on the Pi-Brackets, have been tested in Instituto Eduardo Torroja (Madrid). The results of this research opens a new solutions for the enclosure masonry walls, that is wide use in the Spanish building for its economy and easy construction

Relation between Droplet Size Distributions and Physical Stability for Zein Microfluidized Emulsions

Zein, a subproduct of the food industry and a protein, possesses limited applications due to its high hydrophobic character. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of homogenization pressure and cycles on the volumetric mean diameter (D4,3), span values, and Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) using the response surface methodology for microfluidized emulsions containing zein as a unique stabilizer. Results showed that homogenization pressure seems to be the most influential parameter to obtain enhanced physical stability and droplet size distributions, with the optimum being 20,000 psi. Interestingly, the optimum number of cycles for volumetric diameter, span value, and TSI is not the same. Although a decrease of D4,3 with number of cycles is observed (optimum three cycles), this provokes an increase of span values (optimum one cycle) due to the recoalescence effect. Since physical stability is influenced by D4,3 and span, the minimum for TSI is observed at the middle level of the cycles (2 cycles). This work highlights that not only volumetric diameter, but also span value must be taken into consideration in order to obtain stable zein emulsions. In addition, this study wants to extend the limited knowledge about zein-based emulsions processed with a Microfluidizer device

Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of a Bioelectronic Device in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain with Neuropathic Component. A Randomized Trial

Low energy pulsed electromagnetic signals (PEMS) therapy, in the field of bioelectronics, has been suggested as a promising analgesic therapy with special interest in treating conditions with poor response to pharmacotherapy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of PEMS therapy on the treatment of chronic low back pain patients with a neuropathic component. A group of 64 individuals with such condition was allocated to a 2-week treatment period (10 twenty-minute sessions on consecutive days) with an active PEMS therapy device or an inactive device in random order. The pain was assessed on a visual analog scale, and the functional status was assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire. The visual analog scale scores were lower after treatment than at baseline but only in the group treated with the active device. According to the DN4 score, neuropathic pain decreased in both experimental groups with respect to baseline, but this was only significant for the group treated with the active device. Similarly, an improvement in the SF-12 and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) sleep scale components was reported. The study demonstrated that low-energy PEMS therapy was efficient in reducing pain and improving function in chronic low back pain patients with a neuropathic component

Match analysis and probability of winning a point in elite men’s singles tennis

Notational analysis and new technologies have allowed a better understanding of tactical actions in tennis. In particular, the combined analysis of different variables affecting performance is necessary to understand the relationships between actions in competition. The aim of this research was to analyse the probability of winning a point in men’s professional tennis based on the most relevant variables affecting performance in this sport. A total of 4,669 points were analysed on three different court surfaces from the final rounds (from the quarter-finals onwards) of three of the four Grand Slam tournaments in the 2021 season. An observational methodology was applied. Different analysis techniques were used to obtain the results: descriptive and chi-square with a significance level of p <0.05. First serve effectiveness (point won) was 69% on clay, 75% on grass and 75% on hard court. Second serve effectiveness (point won) was around 55% regardless of the surface. The majority of points, between 65% and 77% depending on the court surface, ended with a short rally (between one and four shots). Approximately 80% of the points played with first serve and short rally were won by the serving player. With first serve and medium length rallies, the probability of winning the point is similar between server (range 49–55%) and receiver on any court surface. The study reveals a set of patterns (based on the combination of information from the variables analysed) that determine the probability of winning a point. Descriptive data from this research could help coaches and players on match strategy at the highest levels of elite men’s single tennis

Estudio de la actividad de los fotocatalizadores Pt and Au-TiO2 en la degradación de contaminantes orgánicos bajo luz visible

Pt-TiO and Au-TiO photocatalysts were prepared by noble metal photodeposition on sulfated TiO. It was observed that optical absorption, oxidation state and particle size of the metallic species (Pt or Au) play an important role in the TiO photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. Photocatalytic activity of the bare TiO powder in the phenol and methyl orange degradation increased with the sulfation and metal addition. The highest degradation rate under UV-Visible and visible light irradiation was obtained on Pt-S-TiO photocatalyst; this is mainly due to the optical properties of TiO induced by platinization and also to the good distribution and low Pt particles size. It was also found that this catalyst has a good stability after two cycles of reaction in the phenol photodegradation under UV-Visible light irradiation. The Pt-S-TiO photocatalyst was also active under solar light and under the environmental conditions of the city of Tunja (Boyacá), Colombia.Los fotocatalizadores Pt-TiO2 y Au-TiO2 se prepararon por fotodeposición del metal noble sobre el TiO2 sulfatado. Se encontró que las propiedades ópticas, el estado de oxidación y el tamaño de partícula de las especies metálicas (Pt o Au) juegan un papel fundamental en la actividad fotocatalítica del TiO2 bajo luz visible. La actividad fotocatalítica del TiO2 en la degradación de fenol y naranja de metilo aumentó significativamente a través de los tratamientos de sulfatación y metalización de este óxido. La más alta velocidad de degradación bajo luz UV-Visible y visible, se alcanzó usando el fotocatalizador Pt-S-TiO2 ; esto se debe principalmente a la modificación de las propiedades ópticas del TiO2 inducidas por la platinización, también a la buena distribución y al pequeño tamaño de las partículas de Pt. Se encontró, además, que este catalizador presenta una buena estabilidad después de dos ciclos de reacción en la degradación de fenol bajo luz UV-Visible. El fotocatalizador Pt-S-TiO2 fue activo también bajo luz solar directa y bajo las condiciones medioambientales de la ciudad de Tunja (Boyacá), Colombia.Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento para la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación Fransisco José de Caldas – Colciencias 279-2016MINECO/FEDER, UE CTQ2015-64664-C2-2-

A versatile wearable based on reconfigurable hardware for biomedical measurements

In this work a versatile hardware platform based on reconfigurable devices is presented. This platform it intended for the acquisition of multiple biosignals, only requiring a reconfiguration to switch applications. This prototype has been combined with graphene-based, flexible electrodes to cover the application to different biosignals presented in this paper, which are electrocardiogram, electrooculogram and electromyogram. The features of this system provide to the user and to medical personnel a complete set of diagnosis tools, available both at home and hospitals, to be used as a triage tool and for remote patient monitoring. Additionally, an Android application has been developed for signal processing and data presentation to the user. The results obtained demonstrate the wide range of possibilities in portable/wearable applications of the combination of reconfigurable devices and flexible electronics, especially for the remote monitoring of patients using multiple biosignals of interest. The versatility of this device makes it a complete set of monitoring tools integrated in a reduced size device